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Lyocell is a fiber made from eucalyptus trees; however, despite its natural origin, it is processed with synthetic substances, making this fiber neither natural nor synthetic, but semi-synthetic.
This raw material is biodegradable and compostable and is produced in a closed-loop method, making the fiber a great sustainable alternative.
Its production process begins with the cutting of wood, mostly eucalyptus or bamboo, oak, and birch. After the initial cut, the wood is cut into smaller pieces, and chemicals are added to turn it into a pulp. From this pulp liquid crude cellulose results, but the solvents applied do not change the chemical structure of the cellulose, they only modify its shape.
The liquid mixture is then heated and broken down into small pieces using a solvent called amine oxide. After filtration, the cellulose is refined into fine, long, shiny fibers. These fibers are then washed, dried, and lubricated to make lyocell yarn.
This manufacturing method does not generate harmful by-products, since the dissolving chemicals used are non-toxic and are easily reused. For example, aminoxide is one of the solvents used in the lyocell production process and is fully recyclable.
Besides being sustainable, the production of this fiber is simple and fast when compared to other fibers of the same type, which means that little energy and water are used in a short period.
Regarding the properties of the fiber, it is breathable, light, comfortable, soft, and smooth, and has a very appealing appearance. In addition, it is a durable fiber, strong, and very elastic.
When woven, it has good moisture absorption, better than cotton, including natural perspiration. This makes it an ideal fabric for people with perspiration problems or people who have sensitive skin that worsens with moisture. The same is true for rainy environments or gym clothing.
Finally, despite its versatility, the downside of this fiber can be its cost.